How to Walk with Crutches: A Step-by-Step Guide

If you’ve recently suffered an injury, had an operation that requires you to use crutches, are waiting for an operation and are relying on crutches or are living with a disability which requires the use of a single or pair of crutches, we're here to help.

Learning how to walk properly with crutches is essential for safe and confident steps. Whether you're using them temporarily or for a longer period, proper technique can help prevent further injury and discomfort. In this guide, we’ll explain everything you need to know about walking with crutches effectively.

Different Types of Crutches

Before learning how to walk with crutches, it's important to understand the different types available:

1. Forearm (Cool) Crutches – The most commonly used crutches in the UK and Europe, these have a cuff around the forearm and provide good support for both short-term and long-term mobility needs.

2. Axillary (Underarm) Crutches – Less common in the UK, these rest under the arms and provide support through handgrips, often used in other countries like the US.

3. Platform or 'Gutter' Crutches – Less common, these allow users to rest their forearm on a platform while holding a vertical grip. 

Preparing to Walk with Crutches

To keep you stable and safe, follow these key tips: 

• Adjust the crutches to the correct height. The cuff on forearm crutches should sit just below your elbow, and the handgrips should be positioned so that your elbows bend at a slight angle (about 15-30 degrees).

• Wear supportive, non-slip shoes to reduce the risk of falls (always ensure you have your shoes on BEFORE you adjust the height of your crutches).

• Ensure you have a clear path free of obstacles, similarly the floor you are starting on is dry and free of any slip risks.

  

How to Walk with Crutches (Non-Weight Bearing)

If your doctor has advised you not to put weight on one of your legs, follow these steps:

1. Position the Crutches – Stand upright with a crutch on each arm.

2. Move the Crutches Forward – Place both crutches about 12-18 inches ahead of you.

3. Hop Forward on Your Good Leg – Keeping your non weight bearing leg off the ground, hop forward so your good foot lands between the crutches. Always putting the crutches forward first and then hopping forward to ensure your point of balance remains safe.

4. Repeat the Process – Continue moving forward with controlled movements.

How to Walk with Crutches (Partial-Weight Bearing)

If you are allowed to put some weight through both your legs, use this technique:

1. Move the Crutches Forward – Place both crutches about 12 inches ahead.

2. Step Forward with the Injured or Weaker Leg – Gently place your weaker foot on the ground with the recommended weight, sharing the weight between your crutches and your foot.

3. Step Through with the Good Leg – Bring your good leg forward past the crutches.

4. Repeat the Process – Continue with slow, steady movements.

How to Climb Stairs with Crutches

Navigating stairs can be challenging, but using the right technique will keep you safe:

Going Up Stairs:

1. Hold onto a handrail if available.

2. Step up with your good leg first.

3. Bring your crutches up to the same step.

4. Repeat until you reach the top.

Going Down Stairs:

1. Hold onto a handrail if available.

2. Lower your crutches to the step below first.

3. Step down with your injured leg.

4. Bring your good leg down to the same step.

Tip: If you're unsure or at all worried about tackling stairs (often at the end of the day it's much harder), consider sitting down and scooting up or down the stairs for safety.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Leaning Too Much on the Crutches – Support yourself with your hands rather than placing excessive weight on your forearms.

• Moving Too Fast – Take slow, deliberate steps to maintain balance.

• Incorrect Crutches Height – Adjust them properly to avoid strain and discomfort, signs your crutches are the wrong height including your shoulders hunching, your rubber tip catching as you walk and leaning / sloping shoulders when you walk.

• Skipping Regular Breaks – Using crutches can be tiring, so be sure to take regular breaks but also that you eat regularly too!

Final Tips for Comfort and Safety

• Use padded grips to reduce hand discomfort.

• Keep your posture upright to maintain balance.

• Ensure you have appropriate ferrules (rubber tips) to ensure you're safe on wet / uneven surfaces - we recommend High Performance Ferrules. This will give added confidence and reduced risk of falling.

• Ask for help when needed, also if you're unsure at the start ask someone to come with you, especially if you're travelling longer distances e.g. hospital appointments or if you're in unfamiliar places.

Learning how to walk with crutches properly takes practice, but with the right technique, you can move around safely and comfortably. Always follow your doctor’s advice regarding weight-bearing restrictions, and don’t hesitate to ask for assistance when needed. By taking your time and using proper form, you’ll reduce your risk of further injury and speed up your recovery.

Need more mobility support tips? Stay tuned for more expert advice on injury recovery and rehabilitation!

If you would like to read other useful articles around using crutches, then check these out:

How to Use Crutches on Stairs: A Comprehensive Guide

Can I Take Crutches on a Plane? Guide to Flying with Crutches